Wilhelm Lehmbruck - The Naturalist and Abstract Expressionist Way

Famous 'Naturalist' and 'Expressionist' sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck was born to a miner, on January 4, 1881, in the industrial city of Duisburg in West Germany. He is recognized as a master in the art of human sculpturing, painting, and printmaking. Lehmbruck's career took-off in the year 1895, when he began receiving training on sculpturing at Kunstgewerbeschule, Düsseldorf and had the honor of featuring his works at the Grand Palais, Paris. He had a brief spell of work as an assistant to a local sculptor from 1899 to 1901, when he resumed his education at Kunstgewerbeschule. Lehmbruck, as Karl Janssen's student, was a star performer, who received various scholarships and awards. He received high acclaim for his contributions to the Auguste Rodin exhibition held in Düsseldorf in 1904.

Wilhelm Lehmbruck's early works bore resemblance with those of Constantin Emil Meunier and Kathe Kollwitz. He began as a 'Naturalist' sculptor, focusing his work mainly on human figures with marked elongation, a trait derived from the Gothic Architecture. Some of his initial works, dated 1902, include "Siegfried," "Shotputter," and "Woman Bathing." On his travel to Italy, in 1905, Lehmbruck found his influence in Michelangelo's creations. Later, he migrated to Paris in 1910 and remained there until 1914. During his stay there, he met the likes of Matisse, Modigliani, Brancusi, and Archipenko. These associations became instrumental in driving him towards the 'Expressionism.' All the while he stayed in Paris, many of Wilhelm's works were put to display including, "Kneeling Women" and "Standing Women" at the autumn Salon, Salon des Independents (1911), and the Sonderbund-Exhibition (1912) held in Cologne.

During the World War I, Wilhelm Lehmbruck served as a military paramedic in Berlin in 1915-16. The gory scenes and the rude realities of wartime had a disturbing influence on Lehmbruck. His style underwent a subtle, but marked transformation, from the 'Classical' genre to a more 'Abstract' and 'Expressionist' one. In an attempt to get away from the war scene, Lehmbruck fled to Zurich. In the year 1917, Lehmbruck went back to Berlin around winter season, and created "Seated Youth," which is known to represent the most telling tale of his experiences in the World War and its aftermath.

The negativities of World War I left Wilhelm Lehmbruck shattered and sent him into depression, eventually, leading him to commit suicide on March 25, 1919, at the age of 38. Wilhelm Lehmbruck left behind him a long trail of magnificent and prized works. His creations today find honor in various art galleries and museums across the globe, such as the Tate Gallery (London), The Museum of Modern Art (New York), the National Gallery of Art (Washington D.C.), and the Lehmbruck Museum (Duisberg), the Städel Museum (Frankfurt), to name some.


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